Introduction
Linea is initiated by ConsenSys , built by Ethereum core developersto create a Type‑2 zkEVM Layer‑2 scaling network, embodying the vision of ‘Home Network for the World’, serving as the hub for users’ on-chain daily life and interactions. Since its mainnet launch in July 2023, Linea has experienced rapid explosive growth. By 2025, it has achieved over 230 million cumulative transactions, more than 420 ecosystem partners, a TVL of $412 million, and boasts over 317,000 daily active users with a processing capacity of 6200 TPS, offering transaction fees approximately 1/25–1/30 of Ethereum’s mainnet.
From a technical standpoint, Linea is a Type‑2 zkEVM fully compatible with EVM, allowing deployment of Ethereum DApps without code migration. It utilizes recursive zk-SNARKs (including Vortex, Arcane, PLONK architectures) and quantum-resistant cryptography to enhance performance, security, and privacy. The network also supports cross-chain compatibility, account abstraction, and modular architecture design to optimize user experience and drive decentralized governance roadmap.
Moreover, Linea has no native token, with Gas fees paid directly in ETH. Community incentives are offered in the forms of L-XP, Voyage, etc., while ecosystem empowerment is supported by ecosystem alliances that bolster developer resource investment, enhancing network vitality and community participation.
Key Takeaways
- Linea is a Type‑2 zkEVM Layer‑2 network launched by ConsenSys and developed by Ethereum’s core team, featuring full EVM equivalence, allowing for the migration and deployment of applications without changing already deployed contracts.
- High performance, low cost: The network can process up to 6,200 TPS, with Gas fees approximately 25–30 times lower than Ethereum’s mainnet, effectively lowering transaction costs and enhancing the experience.
- Robust ecosystem expansion: By 2025, the number of ecosystem partners exceeded 420, with a TVL of $412 million and over 317,000 daily active wallets, covering areas like DeFi, NFTs, and gaming.
- Zero knowledge + quantum-resistant architecture: Utilizes recursive zk-SNARKs and lattice-based cryptography (Vortex, Arcane, PLONK) to improve verification efficiency, security, and privacy protection capabilities.
- Combining cross-chain interoperability, account abstraction, and modular architecture: Supports cross-chain bridging, stablecoin payments for Gas, rapid withdrawals, and a convenient development experience, driving a long-term community governance transformation plan.
1. Overview of the Linea Project
1.1 Background and Vision of Linea
Linea is a Layer 2 blockchain project incubated by ConsenSys designed to resolve the scalability bottleneck of Ethereum’s mainnet through Zero-Knowledge Proof (to create a Type‑2 zkEVM Layer‑2 scaling network, embodying the vision of ‘Home Network for the World’, serving as the hub for users’ on-chain daily life and interactions. Since its mainnet launch in July 2023, Linea has experienced rapid explosive growth. By 2025, it has achieved over 230 million cumulative transactions, more than 420 ecosystem partners, a TVL of $412 million, and boasts over 317,000 daily active users with a processing capacity of 6200 TPS, offering transaction fees approximately 1/25–1/30 of Ethereum’s mainnet. Layer 2（Zero-Knowledge Proof, abbreviated as ZK) technology, providing a low-cost, high-throughput blockchain network that is fully compatible withEthereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Linea’s core vision is to bring blockchain technology into a broader array of applications by enhancing transaction speed, reducing Gas feeswhile maintaining Ethereum’s security and decentralization features, promoting the realization of ‘Live Onchain’.
Linea is developed by ConsenSys, a leading firm within the Ethereum ecosystem, whose products include the widely popular MetaMask wallet(with over 30 million monthly active users) and the Infura development tools (with over 400,000 users). Linea launched its Alpha mainnet in July 2023, rapidly becoming one of the fastest-growing zkEVM (Zero-Knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machine) networks, attracting over 100,000 weekly active users and 2.7 million transactions. By 2025, Linea’s total value locked (TVL) reached $412.3 million, with the number of applications within the ecosystem exceeding 350, spanning DeFi, NFTs, and blockchain gaming.
1.2 Positioning and Goals of Linea
Linea positions itself as a vertical scaling solution for Ethereum, employing zk-Rollup technology to maintain high compatibility with Ethereum’s mainnet. Its goal is to attract developers to migrate existing DApps or build new applications by providing a development experience similar to Ethereum’s mainnet, while also lowering users’ costs. Linea’s long-term vision is to achieve complete decentralization, with plans to gradually transition to a community-driven governance model by 2025.
The uniqueness of Linea lies in its “no native token” strategy, currently utilizing Ethereum (ETH) as the gas fee token, simplifying user experience and reducing ecosystem complexity. The project incentivizes community participation through activities like “Linea Voyage” and “Linea Surge,” rewarding non-transferable soulbound tokens (Linea Voyage XP) or liquidity rewards (L-LXP), providing users with community identity and privileges.
1.3 Ecosystem Overview
The Linea ecosystem has rapidly expanded in a short time, growing from 150 partners at mainnet launch to over 420 by 2025, covering areas such as decentralized finance (DeFi), NFTs, cross-chain bridges, and blockchain gaming. Representative projects include:
Owlto Finance: A decentralized cross-chain bridge supporting networks such as Ethereum, Polygon, and Arbitrum.
Mendi Finance: A decentralized lending protocol providing stablecoin lending services.
HAPI: Focused on on-chain security to prevent fraud and exploitations.
Linea has also integrated with Chainlink , introducing reliable oracle services to provide off-chain data support for smart contracts, further enriching application scenarios. The project provides funding and resource support for developers through the Linea Ecosystem Investment Alliance (backed by over 30 top venture capital firms), accelerating ecosystem development.
2. Technical Highlights of Linea
2.1 zkEVM: The Ideal Solution for Ethereum Scaling
Linea is a Type-2 zkEVM network, meaning it is fully compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine, allowing migration of Ethereum DApps without modifying the code. This EVM equivalence is a core technical advantage of Linea, allowing developers to use familiar tools such as Solidity, MetaMask, and Truffle to develop and deploy applications on Linea.
zkEVM (Zero-Knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machine) combines the advantages of zero-knowledge proofs and EVM by off-chain executing transactions and generating zero-knowledge proofs (zk-SNARKs), submitting the proofs to the Ethereum mainnet, significantly reducing gas fees and increasing transaction throughput. Linea’s design goal is to achieve high performance, low costs, and Ethereum-level security. Data from 2025 indicates that Linea’s transaction processing capability has improved to 6200 TPS (transactions per second), a 29% increase, with gas fees approximately 1/25 to 1/30 that of the Ethereum mainnet.
2.2 Zero-Knowledge Proofs and Quantum-Resistant Cryptography
Linea adopts lattice-based quantum-resistant cryptography and zk-SNARKs to generate zero-knowledge proofs, ensuring the integrity and privacy of transactions. The specific process is as follows:
Off-chain computation: Linea processes a large number of transactions off-chain, generating execution traces.
Proof generation: Extends execution traces through Corset (Go language and Lisp DSL) to generate constraint systems; subsequently, gnark (Go language) transforms these constraints into PLONK-compatible circuits to produce the final zk-SNARK proof.
On-chain verification: Submits the proof to the LineaRollup.sol smart contract on the Ethereum mainnet for verification, ensuring state correctness.
Linea’s proof system (Vortex → Arcane → PLONK) adopts a recursive proof stack, optimizing proof generation efficiency, ultimately aggregating into a single PLONK proof, reducing verification costs on the Ethereum mainnet. Additionally, Linea uses a lossless compression scheme based on LZSS (similar to deflate) to reduce on-chain data storage requirements, further lowering costs.
2.3 Modular Architecture and Performance Optimization
Linea’s architecture adopts a modular design that separates transaction processing from data storage, optimizing performance and scalability. Core components include:
zk-Rollup technology: Reduces the burden on the Ethereum mainnet by processing transactions off-chain and submitting a single proof.
EVM equivalence: Supports Ethereum development tools and languages, eliminating the need for developers to learn a new tech stack.
Advanced cryptographic technologies: Combines zk-SNARKs and lattice cryptography to ensure transaction security and data integrity.
Linea’s proof system requires a trusted setup, but ensures transparency and verifiability through the publicly available proof code (linea-constraints repository) and hardcoded verification keys in on-chain contracts.
2.4 Cross-chain Interoperability
Linea supports cross-chain bridges (such as Owlto Finance and Across), allowing users to quickly and securely transfer assets between networks like Ethereum, Polygon, and Arbitrum. Its cross-chain interoperability extends beyond the Ethereum ecosystem and plans to integrate with other EVM-compatible chains and non-EVM chains (such as Solana) to build a broader blockchain ecosystem.
2.5 Account Abstraction and User Experience Optimization
Linea supports Account Abstraction, allowing users to pay Gas fees with stablecoins, lowering the technical barrier and promoting mainstream user adoption. Additionally, Linea’s transaction confirmation time is fast (without the 7-day lock-up period like Optimistic Rollups), and user funds can be extracted instantly, significantly enhancing user experience.
3. The Underlying Logic of Linea
3.1 How zk-Rollup Works
zk-Rollup is the core technology of Linea, achieving efficient scaling through off-chain computation and on-chain verification. The workflow is as follows:
Transaction Collection: Linea’s sequencer collects user transactions.
Off-chain Processing: Transactions are executed off-chain, generating state updates and execution tracing.
Proof generation: Using Corset and gnark to generate zk-SNARK proofs.
On-chain Submission: Submit the state root and proofs to the LineaRollup.sol contract on the Ethereum mainnet.
Verification and Finality: The Ethereum mainnet verifies the proofs, ensuring state correctness, and transactions are achieved instant finality.
Compared to Optimistic Rollups, zk-Rollups do not require a fraud-proof period, allowing for instant fund withdrawals and providing higher security. Linea’s zkEVM implementation is fully equivalent to Ethereum, allowing developers to migrate DApps without code modifications.
3.2 Decentralization and Community Governance
Linea is committed to gradual decentralization, with its 2025 roadmap including:
Phased Decentralization: Gradually open network operation rights and reduce dependency on ConsenSys.
Community Governance: On-chain governance via tokens, allowing token holders to participate in network decisions.
Transparency: Regular updates, releasing roadmaps and proving system code to the public.
The Linea Association (a Swiss non-profit organization) supervises infrastructure development, community empowerment, and ecosystem resilience, ensuring the long-term sustainability of the project.
3.3 Economic Model and Incentive Mechanism
Linea currently has no native token and uses ETH to pay Gas fees, reducing the learning costs for users. The project incentivizes users and developers in the following ways:
Linea Voyage: Rewards non-transferable soulbound tokens (Voyage XP) through tasks, used for community identity verification and privileges (such as whitelisting and exclusive roles).gate.io
Linea Surge: A 6-month liquidity incentive program that rewards users providing liquidity and interacting with DApps with L-LXP (Liquidity Experience Points).
Fee Redistribution: 100% of revenue and application fees are returned to users, creating a zero-fee blockchain environment.
3.4 Security and Trust
Linea inherits the security of Ethereum and ensures transaction integrity through zk-SNARKs and lattice cryptography. Its proof system covers 100% of the zkEVM execution, the code is publicly available on GitHub, and it accepts community audits. Linea also collaborates with Protofire to optimize the Linea Safe wallet, enhancing the security of user assets.
4. Linea’s Ecosystem and Application Scenarios
4.1 DeFi Ecosystem
Linea’s DeFi ecosystem is rapidly growing, with TVL rising from $68.68 million in 2023 to $412.3 million in 2025. Representative projects include:
Aave: The world’s largest decentralized liquidity protocol, supporting deposits, borrowing, and staking.
Abracadabra.money: A leveraged and lending platform based on interest-bearing tokens.
Mendi Finance: Provides stablecoin lending services.
4.2 NFTs and Games
Linea supports high-frequency, low-cost on-chain transactions, suitable for blockchain games and NFT markets. Its ‘Linea Voyage’ event attracts user participation through NFT airdrops (Linea Voyage XP).
4.3 Cross-Chain Bridges and Interoperability
Linea achieves rapid asset transfer through cross-chain bridges (such as Across and Owlto Finance) with fast bridging speeds and low fees. The project also plans to expand interoperability with non-EVM chains, building a multi-chain ecosystem.
5. Summary
As a leading zkEVM solution on Ethereum Layer 2, Linea provides developers and users with a powerful blockchain platform through high performance, low costs, and EVM equivalence. Its technology architecture based on quantum-resistant cryptography and zk-SNARKs ensures a balance of security and efficiency. With ConsenSys’ endorsement, a rapidly growing ecosystem, and a clear decentralized roadmap, Linea is poised to become a core pillar of the Ethereum ecosystem, driving widespread adoption of blockchain technology.
Recommended reading:
Is Pi coin legal? A complete analysis of Pi Network security
What is Treehouse (TREE token)? A complete guide to the Treehouse DeFi protocol
What is THENA cryptocurrency? A complete guide to THE token and decentralized finance super applications
Disclaimer: This material does not provide advice on investments, taxes, legal matters, financial issues, accounting, consulting, or any other related services, nor is it advice to buy, sell, or hold any assets. MEXC Beginner Academy is for informational reference only and does not constitute any investment advice. Please ensure that you fully understand the risks involved and invest cautiously; all investment actions taken by users are not related to this site.
Join MEXC and Start Trading Today!
