The Ethereum blockchain is one of the most preeminent blockchains among developers. Its smart contract and high level of security are nothing short of amazing. However, it has a limitation of high transaction fees, which challenges the network’s scalability. As a result, it has spurred the development of Ethereum Layer-2 (L2) solutions to assist in fostering the growth of Ethereum and increase its widespread adoption.
Layer 2 solutions work by moving some of the computation off the main Ethereum blockchain and onto the Layer-2 networks. This can handle more transactions per second and reduce the cost of gas. Gas the fee required to execute a transaction on the Ethereum blockchain. Recently, Layer 2 networks is expanding due to innovative solutions that are built on the blockchain and one of its most recent development is the mantle network.
What Is Mantle Network?
Mantle network is a Layer-2 Optimistic Rollup built on Ethereum to derive high security and adopts a modular approach to build separate data availability. It provides EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) compatibility, advance security, and bundle transactions together to achieve high transaction throughput.
Relationship Between Mantle Network, BitDAO, ByBit, and EigenLayer.
BitDAO which has one of the largest treasuries in the blockchain world is incubating Mantle. The DAO is supported by global blockchain brands like Bybit, Peter Thiel, Dragonfly Capital, and many more. It will use $BIT as its governance and gas token which is trading on Uniswap (Ethereum Mainnet) and ByBit.
ByBit is a contributor to the BitDAO treasury and serves as one of the strong backups for Mantle. Currently, BitDAO has the second-largest treasury in crypto after Uniswap. For the first Layer 2 network by the DAO, Mantle will have strong community support from the entire BitDAO ecosystem.
EigenLayer is a trust network that helps Mantle to achieve hyper-scale throughput on heavy-duty applications. EigenLayer removes the marginal cost of capital while setting up a new protocol because there’s no longer a need to fork capital to motivate the validators. Also, it increases flexibility by letting the protocols adjust their mechanics to what their application wants.
What Are the Aims of Mantle Network?
One of the limitations of Ethereum’s Layer-1 is its scalability. It can not process larger transactions without delays and charges higher transaction fees during periods of high network usage. Additionally, it consumes high energy due to its proof-of-work consensus algorithm which creates an environmental impact on the blockchain. Even though the majority of Ethereum solutions strive to solve these challenges, they find it difficult to foster scalability without compromising on security.
The Mantle Protocol is designed to provide fast and secure transactions while reducing the blockchain’s environmental impact. Mantle uses Rollup technology and decentralized Data Availability to increase Ethereum scalability without compromising security, making it an ideal option for protocols handling large amounts of liquidity. It also reduces fees and latency and offers a familiar EVM environment for users and developers.
Although this is somehow similar to other Layer-2 solutions like Optimism and Arbitrum, Mantle differentiates itself from other networks by enhancing the existing infrastructure.
Difference Between Mantle and Other Layer-2 Networks
The mantle network uses a Modular Design to separate each resource as a new layer. Unlike the monolithic blockchain which allows the network operators to perform all the strenuous tasks and run the whole monolithic implementation, modular design allows the team to create software solutions for each layer.
There is data availability which helps to increase transaction throughput and facilitate decentralization without negatively impacting network security.
Furthermore, the Mantle network adopts a Multi-Party Computation (MPC) which assists to limit the trust risks during protocol execution by safely storing the information held among the parties. It leverages a Threshold Signature Scheme (TSS) to authorize transactions, increasing operational flexibility, lowering transaction costs, and shortening withdrawal periods.
Additionally, Mantle will use a Decentralized Sequencer to eradicate the reliance on a single sequencer to prevent a single point of focus or censorship on the network. With time, it will decentralize its sequencer to provide a safe and trustless block production.
How Does Mantle Work?
Mantle combines Optimistic Rollups, Data Availability, and Bridging to improve the hyper-scalability of the Ethereum network.
Modular Blockchain Rollups
Mantle makes use of Modular Rollups to improve blockchain operation. It separates core functions such as execution, consensus, settlement, and data availability into specialized layers. This allows for lower costs and better performance compared to Monolithic blockchains, which handle all these functions at the node/network level.
Additionally, this approach also addresses the Scalability, Security, and Decentralization problem which is also known as the blockchain trilemma. It powers the solutions by increasing network efficiency and improving security for all users. It also reduces the load on nodes through technologies such as fraud proofs and ZK proofs.
Solving Data Availability
Mantle strives to solve the security challenges of the Ethereum blockchain through a One Trust Network, Eigenlayer.
EigenLayer protocol leverages Ethereum’s existing trust network to guarantee data availability to rollup-based L2 while maintaining the same level of security as the Ethereum mainnet. This is achieved through a re-staking mechanism where L1 validators can opt-in to provide data availability services using their staked $ETH as collateral.
Mantle is actively exploring EigenLayer’s Data Availability solution, EigenDA. By using EigenDA, nodes can actively provide data availability services to the Mantle network. It can also participate in Mantle’s economic model through $BIT staking. This action ensures the completeness and correctness of block data on the Mantle execution layer, while also taking advantage of L1 security features. This approach actively provides the high throughput necessary for next-generation blockchain applications.
Decentralized Sequencer
A single Sequencer controlled by the rollup’s core team in Optimistic Rollups (ORs) enables users to receive a quick “soft confirmation” of their transaction’s inclusion in the feed of blocks that will eventually be recorded on Layer-1 (L1). However, this model poses security and operational concerns. The Sequencer’s priority write access on the Layer 2 (L2) chain and its exclusive ability to submit transaction bundles to the L1 contract create security risks. Additionally, the system’s reliance on the core team to operate the Sequencer leads to a single point of failure and an operational risk.
To address these concerns, Mantle plans to decentralize the Sequencer. They will allow anyone to join a permissionless set of Layer-2 (L2) block producers. Ultimately, it will enhance the system’s liveness and resilience.
Fraud-Proof
Optimistic rollups (ORs) detect incorrect transactions by using a system of fraud proofs. However, current approaches for fraud-proof have limitations. The contract that settles disputes can only carry out instructions in a lower-level virtual machine such as MIPS or WASM. It generates the fraud-proof outside the scope of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and makes it impossible to guarantee that its contents come from a compliant EVM client.
Mantle solves this problem by compiling and verifying fraud proofs with EVM-level instructions, enabling all Ethereum clients to interact with a common proof system without permission and reducing trust assumptions among verifiers, clients, and compilers. The fraud-proof model used by Mantle is similar to the one used by Specular Network.
Transaction Lifecycle
The Mantle network guides a transaction through three main stages: Initiation, Handling, and Storage. In Initiation, a wallet user, dApp, or script initiates a transfer of funds or task on the Mantle network. It ensures that they have enough balance to pay the required fee. Then, it composes and signs the transaction. Finally, it sends it to a Sequencer node for processing.
In Handling, the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) verifies the transaction and adds it to a pending block, which is then combined with other pending blocks to form batches that are sent to Ethereum for finalization.
Finally, Multi-Party Computation (MPC) nodes verify the block data, and if all is correct, the transaction is ready for storage on Ethereum.
Bridging
The Mantle Bridge allows for the movement of assets in and out of the Mantle network. A “Bridge” is a mechanism for moving data and assets between different blockchain networks. For example, it moves between a Layer-1 (L1) and Layer-2 (L2) network. This process is similar to exchanging currency in the real world, where you exchange different currencies for a small fee. The need for a bridge arises when different blockchain networks, such as Ethereum and Mantle, need to recognize and accept each other’s assets in a verifiable and secure way.
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